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曾经风靡世界，又威又有型！与藏獒齐名的沙皮犬！

作者: 狗粮博士 发布: 2020年7月9日 599阅读 97评论

沙皮狗又名“大沥犬”或“中国斗狗”，是世界稀有狗种。 大沥沙皮狗已与细犬、藏獒并列成为中国三大名狗，是迄今为止被国际犬界…

沙皮狗又名“大沥犬”或“中国斗狗”，是世界稀有狗种。

大沥沙皮狗已与细犬、藏獒并列成为中国三大名狗，是迄今为止被国际犬界公认的十种纯中国狗种之一，也是世界上尚存数量最少的狗种之一。

沙皮犬曾经是威猛斗犬？

话说，古代大沥一带是广佛郊区，数百年前当地就有斗狗的风气，吸引了周边民众以及江河海盗前来围观、打赌。因此来自各地的不同狗种在此培育，最终形成公认的最好斗品种——沙皮狗。

《南海县志》形容：沙皮狗全身毛色一致，黄色或黄褐色，鼻脸部色较深，下腹色稍浅，无杂毛；头短小，嘴特宽阔似河马，额有深横皱褶，耳小直立或向前覆盖耳孔；胸深而宽，两前肢间距甚大沙皮狗，肘部稍外弯，四肢及蹄强健，尾圆锥型直竖呈辣椒状；全身皮厚而韧，多皱褶，尤以头、颈、肩部为甚，皮下组织疏松而富弹性，故用手拉其颈部皮肤时，长可及尺，放手则复原；全身被毛极短而尖硬如刷，触之扎手。整个外观似奇丑实威猛，爱好者将其外观概括为：葫芦头，瓦筒嘴，蚬壳耳，沙皮刷毛辣椒尾。

由此可见，纯正的大沥沙皮狗并不是我们后来所熟悉的呆萌形象。

沙皮犬名字的由来？

有很多朋友肯定都好奇沙皮犬名字的由来，其实从沙皮犬的名字上，我们就能够看出中华文化是一种务实的文化，这种务实展现在方方面面，在中国的旧俗里，人们给家里的宠狗起名字时习惯用该犬身上的某个特征或者是该犬的行为性格给它命名。

比如北方的各类细狗，突出的就是一个细字，细到什么程度？瘦骨如柴！湖北的箭毛犬沙皮狗，讲究的就是一身又粗又硬的狗毛；广西名猎笔尾灰犬，指的就是这种犬一般在尾巴端发的末灰，就像蘸了墨水的毛笔一样。

沙皮狗也是如此，是以那一身紧密粗砺的单层毛发而命名的，这种毛发用手捏之如同握了一手细沙，质感独特。其实这个名字也是后来才有的，早先沙皮狗没有特定的名字，沙皮这种皮毛在广东当地的叫法也多种多样：马毛，沙毛，蓑衣毛等等。

“骨嘴”与“肉嘴”的区别在哪里

在网络上一搜索都是肉嘴沙皮

上世纪60~70年代，斗狗之风式微，大沥沙皮狗一下子成为“无用之物”，其养殖也慢慢衰落。而恰好在那个时间点，一些香港商人将部分沙皮狗带到香港繁殖，并很快通过香港红遍世界。

随着沙皮狗在欧洲和美国的风靡，市场对沙皮狗的需求越来越大，在当时的美国，哪怕只是外表相似的混种犬，也能得到不错的价格。由于长期的供不应求，这就给了部分沙皮狗的繁殖人以可乘之机，这批人利用斗牛犬、拳师犬等犬种进行“杂交改良”，繁殖出了有更多褶皱的杂交沙皮狗，并把这批狗当作纯种的沙皮狗来出售。

当时制造这种杂交狗的人，对国内说这是美国人培育的新型沙皮狗，而对国外却宣扬这种犬才是最优秀，最纯正的沙皮犬，美国人如获至宝，将这批沙皮犬的血统纳入全美的沙皮繁育体系里。

由于这种狗加入了欧洲獒犬的血统，完美的继承了獒犬的体臭特点，加上过度的近亲繁殖，导致沙皮犬的体味臭不可闻，这个问题直接摧毁了民众对沙皮犬的喜爱。

而且过分松弛的皮肤导致沙皮犬出现各种各样的并发症，加重了饲养成本。在大众心目中的沙皮犬就成了臭气熏天、喂养困难的犬种。这种杂交改良的沙皮犬，也被称为“肉嘴沙皮”或“改良沙皮”。而大陆原生沙皮犬则被称为“骨嘴沙皮”。

如何选择一只优秀的沙皮犬？

身高与体重：身高和体重应符合标准，过高过矮、过轻过重的都不应列选。

头部：头部要较方较大，有些像河马头的形状。

吻部：吻部要较肥厚，呈圆筒状。舌部要呈浅蓝色，面部有较多皱纹。

耳朵：耳朵要较小而薄，略向下垂，并向前覆盖耳孔。耳缘较曲，耳尖稍圆，耳距较宽，有运动能力。

眼睛：眼睛一般呈三角形，较小。若呈杏形而深陷于眼窝内，一般为深色。体色较浅的，眼的颜色也可较浅。

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